When can a lawyer disclose information related to a former client?

A lawyer can disclose information related to a former client when that information has become generally known, as this removes the confidentiality obligation that typically binds the lawyer to the former client. The underlying principle is that confidentiality is in place to protect the client's interests; however, once information is publicly available, the rationale for keeping it confidential diminishes.

This allows lawyers to discuss what was once privileged or confidential without the same ethical restrictions that apply while the information remains protected. By understanding this nuance, lawyers can navigate the ethical landscape of former client relationships while still fulfilling their duties to new clients.

The other options do not align with established ethical standards. Disclosing information simply because it benefits a new client undermines the duty to protect former client confidences. Requiring court endorsement complicates the process unnecessarily and further limits proper client representation. Lastly, verbal consent from a former client may sometimes be valid but is not always necessary, especially in cases where the information is already public.