Which classification requires strict scrutiny under the law?

The classification that requires strict scrutiny under the law is one based on race and national origin. This means that when a law or government action distinguishes individuals based on their race or national origin, it is subjected to the highest level of judicial review. Under strict scrutiny, the government must demonstrate that its action serves a compelling state interest and is necessary to achieve that interest, and it must also prove that there are no less discriminatory alternatives available.

This heightened scrutiny reflects the historical context and significance of race and national origin as categories of classification, which have been associated with a long history of discrimination and inequality in the United States. The courts recognize that laws based on these categories can lead to significant harm and perpetuate systemic injustices, which is why they are subjected to the strictest level of scrutiny.

In contrast, classifications based on economic status, gender, and age typically receive a lower level of scrutiny. Economic classifications are generally assessed under the rational basis test, while gender classifications receive intermediate scrutiny, meaning that they must serve an important governmental objective and be substantially related to achieving that objective. Age classifications, like economic status, are also typically assessed under the rational basis standard. Hence, race and national origin stand out as requiring strict scrutiny due to their unique and sensitive impact